Bwe twogera ku mulimu gw’emmotoka mu Girimaani, ebintu ebisooka okujja mu birowoozo bye y’engeri BMW gy’evugamu, Mercedes-Benz ey’ebbeeyi, n’obuwangaazi bwa Volkswagen. Naye, abantu batono abafaayo ku "abazira b'emabega w'empenda" abawagira engeri zino - waya z'emmotoka. Singa yingini eba "mutima" gwa mmotoka, olwo waya z'emmotoka ze "mibya" ne "obusimu" mu mubiri gwonna. Era layini z'emmotoka eza mutindo gwa Girimaani (layini za Girimaani eza mutindo), n'ensonga ey'ekikugu kumpi "eziyitiridde", zifuuse "ssente enzibu" abakola mmotoka mu nsi yonna ze bavuganya okwettanira. Leero, ka tubikkule ebyama byayo eby'omutindo.
1.Okusukka "Okutuukiriza Omutindo" : Omutindo gwa Girimaani gunnyonnyola gutya engeri za "Esukkulumye ku nsoma"?
Mu by'amakolero mu makolero, "omutindo" gutera okuba nga gwe gusinga okubeera wansi. Wabula ensonga ya German Standard Automotive Line kwe kufuula omutindo "ceilings". Enjawulo eno mu ndowooza esobola okulagibwa obulungi n’ebiragiro byayo ku bipimo ebikulu.
Twala ekintu kya kondakita ng’ekyokulabirako. Omutindo gw’ensi yonna gwetaaga obulongoofu bw’ekikomo ekikozesebwa mu waya z’emmotoka okuba ebitundu 99.9%, ate omutindo gw’e Girimaani gugusitula butereevu okutuuka ku bitundu 99.95% eby’ekikomo ekirongooseddwa eky’amasannyalaze ekinene-. Tonyooma kweyongera kuno okwa 0.05%. Kiyinza okwongera ku buzito bwa waya ebitundu 3% n’okukendeeza ku buziyiza ebitundu 5%. Kino tekikoma ku kukendeeza ku kufiirwa maanyi, naye era kikendeeza ku bulabe bw’omuliro oguva ku bbugumu erisukkiridde. Ekisinga obukulu, omutindo gwa Girimaani era gwetaaga kondakita okukozesa enkola ya "bundling + double twisting" double-layer twisting process. Enkola eno esobola okwongera ku bugonvu bwa waya ebitundu 40%. Mu bitundu bya chassis y’emmotoka ebikankana ennyo, obulamu bwayo bwongerwako emirundi egisukka mu ebiri bw’ogeraageranya ne waya eza bulijjo.
Enteekateeka y'oluwuzi lw'okuziyiza (insulation layer) eyongera okulaga "endowooza erongooseddwa" ey'omutindo gw'e Girimaani. Okusinziira ku njawulo eriwo mu butonde bw’ensi mu bitundu by’emmotoka eby’enjawulo, omutindo gwa Girimaani gugabanyizzaamu ebika 12 eby’ensengekera z’ebintu ebiziyiza omuliro: oluwuzi oluziyiza omuliro olwa silikoni kapiira olw’ekisenge kya yingini, ekisobola okugumira ebbugumu eringi mu kaseera katono nga yingini etandika; ekintu kya PVC eky’ekitundu ky’oluggi, ekitayatika ne bwe kiba nga kigezesebwa emirundi 100,000 ng’oluggi lugguddwawo n’oluggalawo okubeebalama; ekintu ekiziyiza ennimi z’omuliro-ekiyungibwa ku polyethylene okumpi ne ttanka y’amafuta, ekiyinza okwezikiza mu sikonda 3 nga kifunye omuliro. Omutindo guno ogwa "ensengekera emu ey'ekitundu kimu" ogukoleddwa ku mutindo gusukkulumye nnyo ku byetaago by'omutindo gw'amawanga mangi "ogw'ekigendererwa eky'awamu-."
2.Okuva mu Laboratory okutuuka ku luguudo: "Extreme Test" ya German Standard Car Wires
Obugenderevu bwa bayinginiya b’e Girimaani bulagibwa bulungi mu nkola y’okugezesa layini y’emmotoka. Balowooza nti "layini y'emmotoka erina ebisaanyizo erina okuba ng'esobola okugumira embeera zonna ezisukkiridde mu bulamu bwonna obw'emmotoka." Olw'ensonga eno, Debiao etaddewo enkola y'okugezesa emirundi ebiri ekwata ku "embeera ezisukkiridde + embeera z'okukola ezisukkiridde", era ebintu bingi eby'okugezesa bituuka n'okuyita amakolero nga "okukebera omutindo ogutali gwa bulijjo".
Mu kisenge ky'okugezesa obutonde, waya z'emmotoka zikwatibwako enzirukanya ya "-40℃extreme cold →80℃high temperature →95% high humidity", nga zirina cycle 10 buli lunaku okumala ennaku 30 ez'omuddiring'anwa. Layer ya insulation telina kulaga njatika oba kubumbulukuka kwonna. Mu kugezesa obukoowu bw’ebyuma, waya ziteekebwa ku ntebe y’okugezesa ekoppa okukankana kwa chassis era nga zikankana ku mirundi 300 buli ddakiika. Oluvannyuma lw’essaawa 500 nga bagezesebwa obutasalako, omuwendo gw’okumenya kwa kondakita tegulina kusukka 0.1%. Ekigezo ekisinga okukaluba kye "kigezo ky'okukulukuta kw'eddagala". Amazzi agagezesebwa gakozesa butereevu omutabula gwa woyiro wa yingini ogutera okukozesebwa, amazzi ga buleeki ne antifreeze mu mmotoka. Oluvannyuma lwa waya okunnyikamu okumala essaawa 1,000, okukendeera kw’obuziyiza bwa insulation tekulina kusukka bitundu 10%.
Mu kwanukula okulinnya kw'emmotoka empya ez'amaanyi, omutindo gwa Girimaani mu ngeri ey'enjawulo gwongeddeko "okugezesa omukka gwa vvulovumenti eya waggulu-". Ku waya za waya za vvulovumenti enkulu-, zirina okugumira 10 10kV high-voltage pulse impacts mu ddakiika emu, era layeri y’okuziyiza terina kufumita. Omutindo guno ogw’okugezesa gukwata butereevu ku nsonga z’obulumi obw’obukuumi bwa vvulovumenti eya waggulu-ez’emmotoka empya ez’amaanyi era era gufudde waya za vvulovumenti ez’omutindo ogwa waggulu-ez’omutindo gwa Girimaani okulonda okukulu eri abakola mmotoka empya ez’amaanyi nga Tesla ne BYD.
3.The "choice logic" of Global automakers: Lwaki Omutindo gwa Girimaani gulina okukozesebwa?
Ennaku zino
Ebika by’emmotoka ebya Girimaani eby’omunda mu ggwanga nga Volkswagen, BMW ne Mercedes-Benz tebikoma ku kuwa mmotoka za Girimaani ng’ebyuma ebya mutindo, wabula n’abakola mmotoka mu nsi yonna nga Toyota, Ford ne Hyundai beettanira ebintu eby’ekika kya Girimaani ku mmotoka zaabwe eza waggulu-end. Emabega wa kino waliwo okulowooza okutuufu kw'abakola mmotoka ku "full life cycle cost".
Okwolesebwa kwa data
Omutindo ogukozesa waya z’emmotoka eza mutindo gwa Girimaani gulina omuwendo gw’okulemererwa kw’enkola y’amasannyalaze ogusukka ebitundu 60% wansi okusinga ogw’emmotoka ezikozesa waya eza bulijjo. Mu mulimu gw’emmotoka, omuwendo gwa wakati ogw’okuddaabiriza enkola y’amasannyalaze emu oluvannyuma lw’okutunda guli Yuan 2,000, era ku kigero, okulemererwa kw’enkola y’amasannyalaze kubaawo emirundi 3 ku 5 mu bulamu bw’emmotoka. Ku kkampuni ekola mmotoka ng’atunda yuniti obukadde 1 buli mwaka, ng’akozesa waya z’emmotoka ez’omutindo gwa Girimaani, asobola okukekkereza obukadde bwa Yuan ebikumi ebiwerako mu nsaasaanya ya Yuan oluvannyuma lw’okutunda buli mwaka.
Okusinga byonna
"Okukwatagana" kw'omutindo gwa Girimaani kuwadde abakola mmotoka obwangu. Ebikwata ku nkolagana n’obubonero bwa langi za waya z’emmotoka ez’omutindo gwa Girimaani (nga emicungwa egy’enjawulo ku waya za vvulovumenti eya waggulu-n’eddugala ku waya ezissa ku ttaka) byonna bifuuse omutindo gw’amakolero ogwa bulijjo. Kino kitegeeza nti waya za Girimaani ezikolebwa abasuubuzi ab’enjawulo zisobola okukyusibwa nga bwe baagala, era abakola mmotoka tebeetaaga kuteeka ssente ndala mu R&D okusobola okukyusa ebintu okuva mu basuubuzi ab’enjawulo. Okugatta kuno okwa "standardization + compatibility" kufudde layini y'emmotoka ey'omutindo gwa Girimaani "olulimi olw'ensi yonna" mu nkola y'okugaba mmotoka mu nsi yonna.
4.Ebiseera eby’omu maaso biri Wano: Omutindo gwa Girimaani guyinza gutya okukwatagana n’obwetaavu obupya obw’emmotoka entegefu?
Olw'okukulaakulanya tekinologiya ow'amagezi ow'okuvuga n'okukolagana n'emmotoka, omulimu gwa layini z'emmotoka gugenda gukyuka okuva ku "signal transmitters" okutuuka ku "data transmission hubs". Okusobola okutuukiriza obwetaavu bw’okutambuza amawulire g’emmotoka aga gigabytes amakumi buli sikonda, omutindo gwa Girimaani gwe gukulembedde mu kutongoza okunoonyereza n’okukulaakulanya omulembe omupya ogw’omutindo gwa layini z’emmotoka.
Mu kiseera kino, DIN (German Institute for Standardization) efulumizza ebbago ly'omutindo gwa DIN/TS 70113, oguteesa ku "wiring + fiber optic" composite structure solution ku byetaago by'okutambuza data eby'amaanyi-ebyetaago by'emmotoka ez'amagezi. Waya zino ezigatta tezisobola kukoma ku kutambuza bubonero bwa maanyi obw’ennono wabula n’okutuuka ku kutambuza data okw’amaanyi-ku sipiidi ya waggulu ku Ethernet y’emmotoka okuyita mu fiber optic ezimbiddwa-mu, nga erina omutindo gw’okutambuza okutuuka ku 10 Gbps, okutuukiriza ebyetaago by’okutambuza data ya sensa eby’okuvuga okw’amagezi okw’omutindo gwa L4-. Mu kiseera kye kimu, omutindo omupya era gwongera obwetaavu bwa "electromagnetic shielding", okuyita mu double-layer aluminium foil + woven net shielding structure, omuwendo gw'okukendeeza ku electromagnetic interference gwongerwa okutuuka ku 99.9%, okwewala okutambuza data okutaataaganyizibwa ebyuma nga yingini ne radars.
Okuva ku mmotoka ez’amafuta ez’ekinnansi okutuuka ku mmotoka ez’amaanyi amapya, okuva ku kuvuga okwa bulijjo okutuuka ku kuvuga okw’amagezi, layini y’emmotoka ey’ekika kya Girimaani bulijjo ebadde ekulembeddemu obulagirizi bwa tekinologiya mu mulimu guno. Obuwanguzi bwayo tebuli mu kugoberera mutindo gwokka ogw’enkomerero, wabula ne mu kuteebereza okutuufu emitendera gy’amakolero. Mpozzi kino kye kivuganya ekikulu ekituufu ekya "German Manufacturing" - obutanywerera ku mutindo mu ngeri enkakali, naye buli kiseera okunnyonnyola omutindo omupya.
